SCI英文写作常见语法总结（一）
2023-03-14 14:27:12 来源：网络 点击：
一：句子不完整
a.一个简单句有两个基本成分: 主语和谓语动词，两者缺一不可。
1.In China has more than 100 millionsubscribers to cable television.
China has more than 100 million subscribersto cable television.
2. One of the many benefits of travelingoverseas learning how to cope with theunexpected.
One of the many benefits of travelingoverseas is learning how to cope with theunexpected
b.如果一个句子有从句，也必须保证从句的完整性.
Those who overweight or indulge inunhealthy diets are candidates for heartattacks
Those who are overweight or indulge inunhealthy diets are candidates for heartattacks
c.介词后面一定要加名词、代词或者从句作宾语
A marked character of cooperative learning isthat personal success only springs from.A marked character of cooperative learning isthat personal success only springs from groupsuccess.
d.在大多数情况下，比较级后面一般要加than,并且清晰指明所比较的对象
Divorce is more common:in.CO
Divorce is more common than it was onegeneration ago.
二、句子成分多余
a.一个简单句通常只有一个主语，如果主语超过一个，要使用连词构成并列主语。
Smoking, drinking are banned in manyplaces of work
Smoking and drinking are banned inmany places of work.
b.如果一个句子中出现多个谓语动词，要使用连词连接构成并列动词，或者在一些句子中使用关系代词构成复合句。有一些动词后面可以跟动词作宾语或者宾语补足语。
1. The media distorts reality, categories things as allgood or all bad.
The media distorts reality and categories things as allgood or all bad.
2. lt is unclear recycling can help control pollution.It is unclear whether recycling can help control pollution.3. It is advertising makes us buy something on a whim.It is advertising that makes us buy something on awhim.
c.如果一个句子出现多个宾语，一般要使用连词连接构成并列宾语。但是也有一些动词，如give，offer等可以跟双宾语
More people would prefer cycling, walkingif conditions were right.
More people would prefer cycling orwalking if conditions were right.
d.如果出现两个句子，中间除了用加连词这种方法之外，还可以用标点符号分割，比如用句号或者分号。句号和分号在语法上有连词的功能，其前后要有完整的句子，而逗号、括号则不能够连接完整的句子。
3.疑问词who，what， which， where， how和when后直接加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语，它在句子中可以用作主语、宾语、表语等。
例: We do not know what do next, aswe have never seen anything like it.We do not know what to do next，aswe have never seen anything like it.
4. however， therefore, otherwise， thus,hence等副词常被误认为是连词，这些词是不可以连接句子的。
例: Today，many young people prefer to eatfast food such as fried chicken. or pizza in fastfood restaurant，therefore，young people havea greater risk of overweight.
Today，many young people prefer to eatfast food such as fried chicken， or pizza in fastfood restaurants; therefore，young peoplehave a greater risk of overweight.
f.一般来说，because和so,although和but等连词不能够同时用在一个句子当中。
Although the crime rate is falling in manyparts of the world, but violent crimes areconstantly rampant.
Although the crime rate is falling in manyparts of the world, violent crimes areconstantly rampant.cin.com
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g.用词避免累赘，同义词或近义词最好不要同时出现Teamwork is indispensable, essential andcrucial if you are not an experiencedlearner or worker.
Teamwork is indispensable if you are notan experienced learner or worker
三、时态、语态使用错误
a.情态动词后面加动词原形
This trend can persisted for years.
This trend can persist for years
Clothes for travel should waslightweight and practical.
Clothes for travel should be lightweightand practical.
b.助动词，主要有: do(does,did), be (amis, are, was, were), have (has, had), shall(should), will (would)
助动词be后的动词不能是原形，一定要是动词的现在分词或者过去分词形式。
The budget of a country should be balanceeach year.
The budget of a country should bebalanced each year.
c.有些句子的谓语动词由助动词 (或情态动词) 与实义动词构成，以构成一定的语态或时态。
Obesity has a problem to most Americansfor decades.
Obesity has been a problem to mostAmericans for decades.
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d.动词的语态要分清主动和被动
1. Trade is consisted of the exchange ofgoods and that of services
Trade consists of the exchange of goodsand that of services
。2.Consumer confidence will improve,which is crucial to an economic recoveryConsumer confidence will be improvedwhich is crucial to an economic recovery。
e.被动语态中,如果谓语动词是由动介或动副短语构成且位于句尾，那么后面的介词或者副词不能够省略。
At the nursing home, elders can be wellcared.
At the nursing home, elders can be wellcared for.
四、前后不一致
a.动名词和不定式做主语的时候谓语动词用单数。
1. Raising standards of literacy are thegovernment's priority.
Raising standards of literacy is thegovernment's priority.
2. To rear a child alone are challengingto any parent.
To rear a child alone is challenging toany parent.
b.当主语后跟着with,together with,coupleowith, combined with,as well as,like等词弓导的短语时，谓语动词的数跟前面主语的数保持一致。
Overworking, coupled with poor diet, leadto physical degeneration.
c.不定代词anybody, anything, everybodyeverything, nobody, nothing, somebody,something,each,none等作主语，谓语动词用单数。
Even if somebody fall sick, everything goon as usual.
g.the number of+名词的复数，后面谓语动词用单数; a number of +名词的复数，后面谓语动词用复数; a huge amount of +不可数名词，后面谓语动词用单数。
A significant number of young people hasbeen leaving the countryside for urbanareas.
A significant number of young people havebeen leaving the countryside for urbanareas.
五、谓语动词使用错误
a.及物动词后一定要加名词或者名词性质的成分作宾语，构成主语+谓语动词+宾语的基本句型;否则就是错误的。
will discuss in some detail will discuss this topic in some detail
b.不及物动词后不能直接加任何名词或者名词性的词语作宾语，如果要加宾语，则要加介词;不及物动词没有被动语态
1. The accident was similar to one thatwas happened last year.
The accident was similar to one thathappened last year.
2.I disagree many points made by thesupporters of globalization.
I disagree with many points made by thesupporters of globalization.
c.有些动词词组不用被动语态。常见的有depend on, rely on, survive on, arise form.stem from, belong to, consist of，等等。1.Many museum and libraries are dependedentirely on donations from the publicMany museum and libraries depend entirely ondonations from the public.2. A successful organization should not beconsisted entirely of older people.A successful organization should not consistentirely of older people.
d.有一些及物动词后面常跟双宾语，构成主语+谓语动词+双宾语的基本句型(如bringdeny, grant, rend,show等等)
We should not deny children that theyhave the opportunity to study what theylike.
e.有一些及物动词后面跟宾语和宾语补足语，构成主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语的基本句型。注意: make,have,let这三个使役动词后面跟的宾语补足语常用不加to的动词不定式。
1.This photograph makes me to look about 60This photograph makes me look about 602. Whether we like it or not, our families shapeour lives and make us to be what we are.
Whether we like it or not, our families shape ourlives and make us what we are.
