看《时间简史》学物理学词汇
2021-06-24 15:34:54 来源：网络 点击：
看《时间简史》学物理学词汇
crest波峰
trough波谷
curvature曲率，表示曲线弯曲程度的量
collapse/recollaps(再)坍缩,恒星的物质收缩而挤压在一起
annihilation湮灭，物质和它的反物质相遇时，会发生完全的物质-能量转换，产生如光子的能量形式，此一过程即为湮灭
revolution绕轴旋转
The revolution of the earth around the sun.地球的公转
turn sth. through a half revolution 旋转180°
turn sth.through a complete revolution旋转360°
spin/rotate on its axis，rotation 自转
infrared 红外线，红外线的
supermassive超巨大的
supermassive blackhole 超级黑洞
entropy 熵，物理学上指热能除以温度所得的商，借喻为混乱无序的状态
law of thermodynamics热力学定律
Absolute zero: 绝对零度
Acceleration: 加速度
velocity速度（矢量，有方向，与speed不同，speed指速率，是没有方向的）
Accelerate/decelerate 加速/减速
Anthropic principle: 人性的原则，意即我们以我们存在的方式观看宇宙。
We see the universe the way it is because if it were different we would not be here to observe it.
Antiparticle: 反粒子
Big crunch: 大坍缩
The singularity at the end of the universe.
Spiral galaxy：旋转星云
Conservation of energy: 能量守恒
Cosmological constant: 宇宙常数
A mathematical device used by Einstein to give space-time an inbuilt tendency to expand.
Einstein-Rosen bridge: 爱因斯坦—罗森桥
A thin tube of space-time linking two black holes.
Event horizon: 事界
The boundary of a black hole.
Microwave background radiation:宇宙微波背景辐射
The radiation from the glowing of the hot early universe, now so greatly red-shifted（红移）that it appears not as light but as microwaves (radio waves with a wavelength of a few centimeters）.
Positron:正电子
The (positively charged) antiparticle of the electron.
Primordial black hole：太初黑洞
A black hole created in the very early universe.
Neutron star: 中子星
white dwarf白矮星
Pulsar: 脉冲星
A rotating neutron star that emits regular pulses of radio waves.
Quantum mechanics: 量子力学
Red shift: 红移
The reddening of light from a star that is moving away from us, due to the Doppler effect.
Blue shift:蓝移，与红移相对
Doppler effect：多普勒效应，波在波源移向观察者时接收频率变高，而在波源远离观察者时接收频率变低
Stationary state: 定态
One that is not changing with time: a sphere spinning at a constant rate is stationary because it looks identical at any given instant.
Wave/particle duality: 波粒二象性
The concept in quantum mechanics that there is no distinction between waves and particles; particles may sometimes behave like waves, and waves like particles.
Wormhole:虫洞
A thin tube of space-time connecting distant regions of the universe. Wormholes might also link to parallel or baby universes and could provide the possibility of time travel.
