2021-05-31 15:48:43 来源:网络 点击:
1 学术论文摘要汉译英翻译技巧及策略
第一,科技英语时态问题。例如:有作者在表达“闽、浙、赣边境于震旦纪地层之下存在一套青白口纪火山一沉积岩,其底部角度不整合于中元古代变质岩系之上”之时,译作:A set of Qingbaikou period Volcanic-Sedimentary rocks existed under the Sinian Period Strata in the border of Min,Zhe and Gan.
With its angle at the bottom unconformable above the Middle Proterozoic Era metamorphic rock series.
应改为:A set of Qingbaikou period Volcanic-Sedimentary rocks exists under the Sinian Period Strata in the border of Min.Zhe and Gan……With its angle at the bottom unconformable above the Middle Proterozoic Era metamorphic rock series.
一般来说,科技论文和文学作品不一样,它要对科技中某个客观事实,规律进行阐述,按照科技英语语法时态规则,即表示客观真理和科学事实,格言及其他没有时限的客观存在多用一般现在时。更多的例子如:
a.The earth rotates on its axis.
b.Anything that is dropped fails towards the centre of the earth because of the pull of gravity.
C.Water boils at 100℃.
第二,科技英语的句法问题。例如:根据科技论文体具有简洁性的特点,每表达一个概念,最好使用简单句。如:“本文通过对桂北元古界地层分布区的金矿地质特点研究,及找矿实践结果的分析,初步探讨了该区金成矿地质背景及找矿的前景。”可译成:This paper discusses briefly the geological background of gold mineral-forming in this particular area and mineral-exploring prospect by means of researching on the geological features of gold ore in strata distribution area of north-Gui proterozoic group and analysing on the result of exploring.该句是一个长句,其主要结构为:this paper discusses the •••••• background and. •••••• prospect by means of••••••其实这就是一个简单句,表意明确,而无需译成:This paper is the one which briefly discusses the geological background of gold mineral-forming in this particular area and mineral-exploring prospect and it is done by means of researching on the geological features of gold ore in strata distribution area of north-Gui proterozoic group and analysing on the result of exploring。
翻译是一门语言的艺术,翻译的实质是语码化的跨文化交际活动。同时,翻译的过程不仅仅是语言转换的过程,而且还是文化转换的过程。语言因素和文化因素是制约翻译成功的两大因素。翻译工作者首先应该熟悉翻译理论,掌握翻译理论、方法与技巧,从众多的翻译理论中去学习、领会、捕捉那些共同的、有用的、适合自己的部分,并用它来指导自己的翻译实践。其次是提高语言素养,有了较高的语言素养,译者才能在作者和读者之间架起通达顺畅的桥梁,才能充当好第二作者和第一作者的角色,才能在这两者之间游刃有余,译作才会为众多的读者接受并喜爱⋯ 。
第三,科技英语文摘被动态问题。科技英语经常使用被动态。
例如:
a.The route along Yiyang-Suichuan is determined the margin between lower Yangtze land mass and Huaxia massif.
b.The migmatitic granite in Dajinshan formation of Middle Proterozoic Era is considered the highest metamorphic grade in it.
因为科技说明着重于客观事物和过程的描述,从而避免使用人称主语。科技文章侧重叙事推理,强调客观事实,因此要求客观准确。第一、二人称使用过多,会造成主观臆断的印象。因此尽量使用第三人称叙述,采用被动语态,根据英国利兹大学John Swales的统计,科技英语中的谓语至少1/3是被动态。
第四,科技文章结构问题。科技文章大量使用名词化结构、介词结构。如翻译:
目前利用spot遥感图象进行解析摄影测量,计算地面点M的象点坐标的方法都有占用存储多缺点。
译为:Nowadays the analytical photogramnetric survey by means of spot remote-sensing image and the methods of image point coordinates for calculating the ground point M all have the disadvantages of occupying more storage.
这样翻译显得行文简洁、表达确切、信息量大、强调存在的事实,而非某一行为。这也是科技文章汉译英所要求的一点。翻译在处理两种语言时,应关注文本的不同功能及其所承载的社会文化因素,采用适当的文化转换,对原语和译人语进行必要的语际和语用调整,用译文中最切近而又自然的对等语来表达,以求功能对等,力争使译人语读者获得与原语读者相同或相似的感受。
此外,科技英语所表述的是客观规律,在表达复杂的概念和事物之间的内在联系时可经常用长句。
例如:Although homodesmic residual compounds can occur only with the inert gases, heterodesmic compounds in which the properties are determined largely by residual forces are of common occurrence, for in any structure in which discrete molecules without external field occur the binding between these molecules can only be of the residual type, and the structure is then determined by the shape of the molecules and the way in which they can pack together.
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