这几年看文献和写论文的时候整理了一些写作常用词汇和短语，希望大家也能用得上：

 

差别 gaps between, differentiate between, discrepancies，no intergroup difference

 

No statistically significant differences in survival were found for MMC or MPMA.

 

 

Although MMC and MPMA decreased with increasing nuclear grade and TNM stage, this difference failed to achieve statistical significance.

 

存在，出现 occurred, occurrence ,existed, existence, presence, present

 

多数，少数 the overwhelming majority of, in the majority of cases ，a marked majority, handful

 

方法 approaches, avenues, methods, techniques, means, tools

 

发生率 Incidence, frequency, prevalence

 

In contrast with regions of high incidence, the mutation spectrum did not show a high prevalence of mutations at A:T base pairs.

 

发现，阐明，报道，证实 verify, confirm, elucidate, identify, define, characterize, clarify, establish, ascertain, explain, observe, illuminate, illustrate，demonstrate, show, indicate, exhibit, presented, reveal, display, manifest，suggest, propose, estimate, prove, imply, disclose，report, describe，facilitate the identification of ，screening ，isolation

 

改变 change, alteration,

 

高，增加 high, enhanced, elevated, increased, forced

 

各种，多种 in multiple types of neoplasia, in various types of apoptosis, in a variety of tumors

 

关系，相关，参与 closely involved in, associated,

 

广泛的 in an extensive survey

 

进行 conducte， perform, carry out,

 

降，少，缺 decrease, reduction, reduced, diminish, loss, suppression, deficient, low, weak, faint, light, absence, absent, undetectable, lack ,defective, negative,poor,impaired, greatly reduced or completely absent, frequently lost or down-expressed, presented discontinuous and weaker expression, completely negative, was not detectable or dramatically reduced, very faint, was undetectable or barely detectable, no expression was found,

 

角色，起作用 role, part （limited, potential, early, possible role），serve antiapoptotic functions

 

可能性 feasibility

 

密切地 intimately

 

难理解的，似谜的 enigmatic (x remains enigmatic)

 

潜在假定的 potential, candidate, putative,

 

缩写 abbreviations

 

识别，辨别 discernment

 

事件

 

Metastasis to the liver is a common event in clinical oncology.

 

a putative tumor initiating event

 

a (more, extremely, highly, rather, fairly) common initial,

 

a common event in the signal transduction mechanisms of, in the signal transduction processes

 

a common event associated with the mechanisms of

 

a common early event in responses of, after high-dose chemotherapy

 

a common event following gestational exposure to immunotoxicants

 

a common event （that occurs） during apoptosis is……

 

a common event during oncogenic transformation, in neoplastic transformation that directly or indirectly involves activation of specific tyrosine kinase signaling pathways

 

a common event through which

 

a common event in vivo

 

a rather common event of unknown biological significance

 

a common event resulting from heterogeneous aberrations

 

a common event regardless of histological subtyping, but does not bear any pejorative significance

 

a common event contributing to

 

a rare, common, prerequisite, central, major, transient, initiation, stressful, critical, crucial, secondary, independent, regulatory, early, earlier, late, later, subsequent, circumstantial, untoward, upstream, irreversible, very frequent event

 

提供，帮助 provide, supply, help (to), contribute to, offer, allow, dedicate, devote, assist in

 

调节（失调，上调，下调）dis-regulation, dys-regulation, up-regulation, up-expression, over-expression, down-expression, down-regulation,

 

推测 presume,speculate ,confer, conjecture ,guess, deduce，deduction (推论)

 

无所不在地 (表达，如 MEN1)ubiquitously

 

显著, 优先的 prominent, pronounced, obvious, marked, predominant, strong, striking ,notable, Conspicuously, remarkably，significant, preferential, prevalence, prevalent,

 

相关性

 

related, more relevant with ，the relevance of

 

no intergroup difference，irrespective of

 

There was no significant correlation to gender, age, clinical symptoms, histology, T or N status, TNM stage, or tumor location.

 

Neither eNOS nor nNOS expression was associated with vascular density, tumor grade or the TNM status of the tumors.

 

No correlations were found between bFGF and age, menopausal status, TNM or pTNM, histology, SBR grading or steroid receptors.

 

we did not find any correlation between bax expression and any clinicopathologic parameters (sex, age, TNM status, tumor grade, histological type).

 

相同，同等并列

 

The coordinated induction of all three FOXO3a targets prompted us to examine the status of FOXO3a itself

 

with a similar pattern to

 

协同，加强

 

synergize with

 

研究 analysis, survey, study, research, investigation, experiments, trial, observations, assessment, inquiry, examinations ,pursue investigation into, analyze, detect, determinate, be focused on, measure, examine, test, assess, evaluate, explore,

 

一致

 

which is in accord with the results

 

which corroborated the results

 

which supported the results

 

优缺点 merits and drawbacks，beneficial and detrimental

 

异常 aberration, abnormality

 

重要 crucial, key, important, major, be of critical importance

 

相反

 

On the contrary,

 

In contrary,

 

but quite on the contrary

 

in sharp contrast,

 

contrary to what would be expected

 

Contrary to the expectation that

 

Contrary to previous beliefs,

 

Contrary to the hypothesis,

 

Contrary to current popular truisms

 

Contrary to current cognitive theories,

 

However, contrary to expectation,…….

 

Contrary to predictions,…

 

in contrast to previous observations…

 

Contrary to prediction,……

 

Contrary to most previous claims,

 

与一起 in combination with, coupled with

 

由于、鉴于

 

In light of

 

In view that