从翻译角度重新认识介词、连词

2015-06-19 16:40:48   来源：网络    点击：

开始正文啦，先来个小测试，看看你到底功底如何，独立完成后可参考答案。

测试来啦！

ITALIAN cities such as Florence and Venice have long made a mint 1 the architectural wonders built when they were financial centres. China has been slower to capitalise 2 the physical remains 3 past commercial glory in Pingyao, an urban backwater 4 inland Shanxi province, which was China's banking hub in the 19th century. Today tourists flock 5 the walled city, 6 its unusually well-preserved houses built between the 17th and 19th centuries. But restoring its former wealth remains elusive.

The most-visited attraction in modern Pingyao is the Rishengchang Draft Bank, which in 1823  became the first in China to issue cheques. The city lay 7 the path of a lucrative trade route. The bank's manager spied a business opportunity when he saw silver shipments passing each other 8 opposite direction. He replaced pricey security, wagons and pack animals 9 a clearing house.

The bank spawned around 50 competitors across Shanxi (nearly half in Pingyao) 10 hundreds of branches 11 the empire. At the time Chinese bankers were held 12 lower esteem than peasants and tradesmen. They tried to keep staff honest 13 making them pledge their homes and even to surrender their families 14 slaves 15 they committed fraud; investors had no control 16 the banks' daily operations.

But it was not the staff that did for the banks. They collapsed soon after the Qing dynasty's demise in 1911. The government withdrew its remittance business, currency unification removed the need 17 the silver trade 18 cities and competition grew 19 modern banks.

...

Keys

1 from；2 on；3 of；4 in；5 to；6 with；7 on；8 in；9 with；10 with；11 across；  12 in；13 by；  14 as；  15 if；16 over；17 for；18 between；19 from；

对完答案，小伙伴儿心情如何? 有米有心塞惆怅之感？介词、连词看似小，但作用大，选错了介连词，意义可能就大相径庭。那么怎么介词、连词的使用到底有什么规律呢？答案即将揭晓！

介词、连词基本规律:

大家在学习英语的过程中对介词和连词应该有了非常清楚的认识，这里只就翻译过程中经常涉及的重点摘要讲述。

一 以下三方面涉及的内容，往往通过“on”来连接，举个栗子^0^

A大会类

1. Conference on Disarmament；

2. the 2015 White House Conference on Aging；

3. the 2014 Asian Conference on the Life Sciences and Sustainability；

4. the Fifth International Conference on Communications and Electronics；

5. the Third International Conference on Communications and Information Technology；

B协议、合同、条约类

1. Agreement on Rules of Origin (原产地规则协议);

2. Agreement on Safeguards (WTO保障措施协议);

3. the Rio+20 Treaty on Higher Education;

4. Singapore Treaty on the Law of Trademarks;

5. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT);

6. the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS);

C法律类

1. Sharia Law on Divorce；

2. Common Law on Trademark Abandonment；

3. Law on the Protection of Trademarks and other Signs；

4. Law on the Protection of Literary and Artistic Property；

5. Law on the Protection of Rights and Interests of Women；

二 在某方面上升、下降、增加、减少介词选用“in”，举个栗子^0^

1. rise in population of elderly；

2. 16% rise in population;

3. a spike in investment activity;

4. huge spike in London hotel investment in Q1;

5. an increase in cost of living;

6. a surprise drop in US job creation;

7. drop in unemployment;

8. a decline in domestic violence; 

三 “as”作为连词引导事实背景：

这里重点学习“as”作为连词引导事实背景，中文的大致意思就是“随着......”，“在......的背景下”，逻辑上来讲属于主句的原因，在讲授汉英翻译技巧是也会再次学习作为“三剑客”之一的“as”。

1. As population ages, driving issues will increase.

2. As Connecticut population ages, elder abuse rises.

3. As pollution worsens, China turns to big data.

4. Texas pollution worsens as budget shrinks for regulators.

5. China’s manufacturers feel the squeeze as costs rise.

四 其他的介词使用规则：

其他的介词使用规则需要平时点滴积累，特别是固定词组搭配，绝对不能掉以轻心。
（此文是经过北京环球语翼文化传播有限公司编辑人员转载整理发布）